Governance and mental health: contributions for public policy approach.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the conceptualization of the term governance on public mental health programs. METHODS: In this systematic review, we analyzed the scientific literature published in the international scenario during 15 years (from 2000 to 2015). The databases analyzed were: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed. Governance and mental health were the descriptors. We included relevant articles according to our subject of study and levels of analysis: (i) the concept of governance in mental health; (ii) process and decision spaces; (iii) strategic and pertinent actors who operate in the functioning of the health system, and (iv) social regulations. We excluded letters to the editor, news articles, comments and case reports, incomplete articles and articles whose approach did not include the object of study of this review. RESULTS: We have found five conceptualizations of the term governance on mental health in the area of provision policies and service organization. The agents were both those who offer and those who receive the services: we identified several social norms. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of governance in mental health includes standards of quality and attention centered on the patient, and incorporates the consumers of mental healthcare in the decision-making process. OBJETIVO: Analizar la conceptualización del término gobernanza en las políticas de salud mental. MÉTODOS: En esta revisión sistemática se analizó literatura científica publicada en el ámbito internacional durante 15 años (de 2000 hasta 2015). Las bases de datos analizadas fueron: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO y PubMed. Los descriptores fueron gobernanza y salud mental. Fueron incluidos artículos relevantes de acuerdo a nuestro objeto de estudio y niveles de análisis: (i) concepto de gobernanza en salud mental; (ii) proceso y espacios de decisión; (iii) actores estratégicos y de interés que intervienen en el funcionamiento del sistema de salud, y (iv) normas sociales. Se excluyeron cartas al editor, noticias, comentarios y reporte de caso, artículos incompletos y artículos que no incluyeran en su abordaje el objeto de estudio de esta revisión. RESULTADOS: Se reportaron cinco conceptualizaciones del término gobernanza en salud mental en el ámbito de políticas de provisión y organización de servicios. Los actores fueron desde proveedores a usuarios de servicios; se identificaron diversas normas sociales. CONCLUSIONES: El concepto de gobernanza en salud mental incorpora estándares de calidad y atención centrada en el paciente, e incluye a los usuarios en la toma de decisiones.

[Indicators of governance in mental health policies and programmes in Mexico: a perspective of key actors]. / Indicadores de gobernanza en políticas y programas de salud mental en México: una perspectiva de actores clave.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the role of Mexico's mental health system governance in the development of mental health policies and programmes, from the perspective of its own actors. METHODS: A map was developed for identifying the actors in Mexico's mental health system. A guide was designed for in-depth interviews, which were recorded and arranged in categories for their analysis. The Atlas-ti v.7 software was used for the organisation of qualitative data and Policy Maker v.4 was used to determine the position and influence of actors within the health system. RESULTS: The actors were identified according to their level of influence in mental health policies: high, medium and low. Actors with a high level of influence participate in national policies, actors with medium influence are involved in regional or local policies and the participation of actors with a low level of influence is considered marginal. CONCLUSIONS: This study facilitated understanding of governance in mental health. The level of influence of the actors directly affects the scope of governance indicators. Relevant data were obtained to improve policies in mental health care.

Governance and mental health: contributions for public policy approach / Gobernanza y salud mental: aportes para su abordaje en materia de políticas públicas

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the conceptualization of the term governance on public mental health programs. METHODS In this systematic review, we analyzed the scientific literature published in the international scenario during 15 years (from 2000 to 2015). The databases analyzed were: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed. Governance and mental health were the descriptors. We included relevant articles according to our subject of study and levels of analysis: (i) the concept of governance in mental health; (ii) process and decision spaces; (iii) strategic and pertinent actors who operate in the functioning of the health system, and (iv) social regulations. We excluded letters to the editor, news articles, comments and case reports, incomplete articles and articles whose approach did not include the object of study of this review. RESULTS We have found five conceptualizations of the term governance on mental health in the area of provision policies and service organization. The agents were both those who offer and those who receive the services: we identified several social norms. CONCLUSIONS The concept of governance in mental health includes standards of quality and attention centered on the patient, and incorporates the consumers of mental healthcare in the decision-making process.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Analizar la conceptualización del término gobernanza en las políticas de salud mental. MÉTODOS En esta revisión sistemática se analizó literatura científica publicada en el ámbito internacional durante 15 años (de 2000 hasta 2015). Las bases de datos analizadas fueron: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO y PubMed. Los descriptores fueron gobernanza y salud mental. Fueron incluidos artículos relevantes de acuerdo a nuestro objeto de estudio y niveles de análisis: (i) concepto de gobernanza en salud mental; (ii) proceso y espacios de decisión; (iii) actores estratégicos y de interés que intervienen en el funcionamiento del sistema de salud, y (iv) normas sociales. Se excluyeron cartas al editor, noticias, comentarios y reporte de caso, artículos incompletos y artículos que no incluyeran en su abordaje el objeto de estudio de esta revisión. RESULTADOS Se reportaron cinco conceptualizaciones del término gobernanza en salud mental en el ámbito de políticas de provisión y organización de servicios. Los actores fueron desde proveedores a usuarios de servicios; se identificaron diversas normas sociales. CONCLUSIONES El concepto de gobernanza en salud mental incorpora estándares de calidad y atención centrada en el paciente, e incluye a los usuarios en la toma de decisiones.

[Governance in Public Health: towards an analytical framework]. / Gobernanza en salud pública: hacia un marco analítico.

This paper argues that the governance analytical framework (GAF) is a methodology having strong potential for investigation in social policy, particularly in the case of public health. It defines the concept of governance in a pragmatic way as being the processes of interactions between the actors involved in a public affair leading to decision-making or to formulating social norms. It is postulated that any society has governance processes and, unlike other approaches, that these can be observed and be analysed from a non-normative perspective. A methodology for analysing governance processes based on five main analytical units is presented here: problems/stakes, actors, norms, processes and nodal points. These logically articulated analytical units make up a coherent methodology aimed at being used as a tool for social policy research.

Gobernanza en salud pública: hacia un marco analítico / Governance in Public Health: towards an analytical framework

En este texto se argumenta que el "Marco Analítico de la Gobernanza" (MAG) es una metodología con un fuerte potencial para la investigación en políticas sociales, particularmente en el caso de la salud pública. Definiendo el concepto de gobernanza de manera pragmática, ésta se refiere a los procesos de interacción entre los actores involucrados en un asunto público, que llevan a la toma de decisiones o a la formulación de normas sociales. Se postula que hay procesos de gobernanza presentes en cualquier sociedad y, a diferencia de otros acercamientos, éstos se pueden observar y analizar a partir de una perspectiva que no sea normativa o prescriptiva. Finalmente, se desarrolla una metodología apoyada en varias disciplinas sociales que sirve para diagnosticar los procesos colectivos, misma que a su vez, se basa en cinco unidades analíticas principales presentadas aquí: problemas, actores, normas, procesos y puntos nodales. Estas unidades analíticas pretenden constituir una metodología coherente y lógicamente articulada y se propone su uso como instrumento metodológico para la investigación en políticas sociales.

This paper argues that the governance analytical framework (GAF) is a methodology having strong potential for investigation in social policy, particularly in the case of public health. It defines the concept of governance in a pragmatic way as being the processes of interactions between the actors involved in a public affair leading to decision-making or to formulating social norms. It is postulated that any society has governance processes and, unlike other approaches, that these can be observed and be analysed from a non-normative perspective. A methodology for analysing governance processes based on five main analytical units is presented here: problems/stakes, actors, norms, processes and nodal points. These logically articulated analytical units make up a coherent methodology aimed at being used as a tool for social policy research.

[Governance in health: a conceptual and analytical approach to research]. / Gobernanza en salud: un aporte conceptual y analítico para la investigación.

In the Latin American region there is a notable absence of conceptual coherency in the use of the terms governability and governance. This is true for their application to both the social and political sciences and health. Researchers' understanding of governance varies, and the concept is used heterogeneously within academic circles, with ignorance of the term on the part of decision-makers and great confusion and ambiguity in the meanings used by researchers and decision-makers in the health sector. Instead of the prevailing normative use, promoted by most international agencies, a conceptual and analytical framework for governance is proposed here for health systems and services research. Advances in the design of this framework were used to evaluate the public health insurance program in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which allowed the use of the analytical framework to be assessed as a tool for systemizing the social, political, and institutional complexity of the health policy formulation and implementation processes.

Gobernanza en salud: un aporte conceptual y analítico para la investigación / Governance in health: a conceptual and analytical approach to research

Existe una notoria ausencia de coherencia conceptual en el uso de los términos gobernabilidad y gobernanza (considerado sinónimo de "gobernancia") en América Latina, tanto en ciencias sociales y políticas, como en el dominio de la salud. Esto se expresa con mayor fuerza en una diferente comprensión del término gobernanza por parte de los investigadores, un uso heterogéneo en ámbitos académicos, su desconocimiento por parte de los tomadores de decisión, y una gran confusión y ambigüedad de significados en su uso por parte de unos y de otros. En contraposición al uso predominante de carácter normativo, promocionado por parte de la mayoría de las agencias internacionales, se propone aquí el desarrollo y aplicación de un marco conceptual-analítico de gobernanza para la investigación en sistemas y servicios de salud. Los avances en el diseño del marco metodológico fueron aplicados en una investigación de evaluación del Seguro Público de Salud de Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ello permitió valorar su utilidad como herramienta para sistematizar la complejidad social, política e institucional de los procesos de formulación e implementación de las políticas de salud.

In the Latin American region there is a notable absence of conceptual coherency in the use of the terms governability and governance. This is true for their application to both the social and political sciences and health. Researchers' understanding of governance varies, and the concept is used heterogeneously within academic circles, with ignorance of the term on the part of decision-makers and great confusion and ambiguity in the meanings used by researchers and decision-makers in the health sector. Instead of the prevailing normative use, promoted by most international agencies, a conceptual and analytical framework for governance is proposed here for health systems and services research. Advances in the design of this framework were used to evaluate the public health insurance program in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which allowed the use of the analytical framework to be assessed as a tool for systemizing the social, political, and institutional complexity of the health policy formulation and implementation processes.